Interpreting Experiments Questions in ACT Science

Interpreting Experiments Questions in ACT Science SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Like most ACT Science questions, Interpreting Experiments don’t require you to understand the hard science behind the experiments. Instead, these Interpreting Experiments questions will give one interpretation of part of the passage and ask you whether that interpretation is true or not, using the data from the experiment. These questions have a predictable pattern to the question and answers, which you can use to your advantage. In this article, I'll cover the general format of Interpreting Experiments Questions, solve several ACT Science practice questions, and provide ACT Science tips to answer these questions. Format of Interpreting Experiments Questions These types of questions are usually stated in a variety of ways such as: Is the statement "_______" consistent with Figure 1? A researcher hypothesized that ________. Do the results of study 2 support this hypothesis? However, answer choices will typically appear in the same format: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement A. No, because of statement B. Most students who miss these kinds of questions jump the gun by deciding quickly on Yes or No before really looking at the data. As I mentioned earlier, answering these questions requires interpreting the data presented in figures and text and deciding whether the data support or contradict the hypothesis. Note: not all questions have answer choices where statements A and B are opposites. In some more difficult Interpreting Science questions, the answer choices may read: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement C. No, because of statement D. This is slightly more difficult since you can't rule out answers as easily, but you can solve it with the same strategy- consider whether each statement is true or false. Then, consider whether the true statements support the hypothesis in the question or not. We will attack these higher level interpreting experiments question next: ACT Science Practice Questions Interpreting Experiments Question #1 Notice how the 4 answer choices each have three parts (they do not fit the standard format). The first part is a Yes or No, answering as to whether the experiments support the hypothesis. The second part is statement A ("as capacitance increased, the time required increased") or B ("as capacitance increased, the time required decreased"). The final part is whether statement A or B was proven by experiment 1 or 2. The 4 answer choices are created by pairing a Yes or No with either statement A or B plus Experiment 1 or 2. The ACT is counting on you to get confused in your thinking. You might get excited and pick, Yes, but get the second half of the answer wrong. We'll avoid this mistake by breaking down the question into three parts. First, we're going to figure out whether statement A or B is true. Notice how in this case statement A and B are opposites. A states that time increased, but B states that time decreased. A and B can't both be true at the same time! So our first step is to use the data to figure out whether option A or B is true. Let's check out the corresponding figures: Table 1 corresponds to Experiment 1 and Table 2 corresponds to Experiment 2: Well, according to Table 2, as capacitance increases, time required to reach a certain voltage across the capacitor increases, so we can eliminate answer choices C and D. By eliminating C and D, we have also eliminated the normal next step in this problem, which is deciding yes or no. We are only left with yes, so the answer must be yes. Which makes sense since the hypothesis sets up a new experiment the same way and finds as capacitance increase time increases, so, yes, it is supported by the experiments since it had the exact same finding. Now, the only difference between the two remaining answer choices A and B is whether the statement came from experiment 1 or 2. Since the data came from Table 2 and Table 2 represented the data from Experiment 2, B is the answer. By taking this approach, we avoid the most common careless mistake of jumping to pick yes or no without making sure the explanation matches. Interpreting Experiments Question #2 Now, that we’ve tried a more formulaic interpreting experiments question, let’s try one where the answer choice all have different explanations: Note: This matches that second type of question we discussed above: Yes, because of statement A. Yes, because of statement B. No, because of statement C. No, because of statement D. The first part of the question is a Yes or No answering whether the data support her claim. Second, is whether statement F, G, H, or J support or do not support her claim. Now, we're going to figure out whether statement F, G, H, or J is true. So, our first step is to use the data in Figure 3 and 4 to figure out whether option F, G, H, or J is true. Let's check out the corresponding figures: To solve this problem, let’s look at each statement F, G, H, and J individually. F- the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on substrate concentration. Looking at figure 4 and at the line for Enzyme B (since the hypothesis claim refers to Enzyme B), we see that as enzyme concentration increases so does acceleration factor, until it sort of even outs or increases more slowly. Figure 3 looks similar; looking at the line for Enzyme B (since the hypothesis claim refers to Enzyme B), we see that as substrate concentration increases so does acceleration factor until it sort of even outs or increases more slowly. So the acceleration factor for Enzyme B is dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration. We know F is definitely not the answer. G- the acceleration factor is not dependent on either enzyme or substrate concentration. We know this is false from our last finding. H- the acceleration factor is dependent on enzyme concentration, but not on substrate concentration. Also, false according to our initial finding. J- the acceleration factor is dependent on both enzyme and substrate concentration. This matches our finding, so it is the answer! Let’s review the steps to make sure you have this process down: Summary of ACT Science Tips for Interpreting Experiments Questions To solve Interpreting Experiments questions, we need to: Break down the answer choices into Yes/No + Statement A/B(C/D). Decide whether Statement A or B (or C or D) is true. If possible, rule out 2 answer choices. For the statement that is true, decide whether the hypothesis in the question is true or false. Pick the only remaining answer! What’s Next? I hope you feel ready to interpret any experiment! Check out the other types of questions on the ACT Science section such as factual questions, interpreting trends questions, and experimental design and hypothetical change questions. Looking for overall ACT Science review? Read our complete guide to the section. Taking the ACT really soon? Check out our guide to cramming. Like this article? Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Science lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

On the writers choose Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

On the writers choose - Research Paper Example It would be important to consider some of the specific examples from the text as an illustration of the power of the media to shape public agenda and spread information that is essentially compromised and subject to the interests of some forces. In this novel, the tributes are brought in the media with the intention of creating some false kinds of impression regarding their lives and talents. The audience is treated to some superficial images and characters that have been blown out of normal proportion and beyond objective truth for achieving some patterns of thought from the audience. Katniss and Peeta are made to give some highlights about their unique abilities and shed light on certain issues that relate to their personal lives (Collins 21). In this manner, the media actively promotes the ideals of sensationalism and deliberate falsification of information for the sake of entertaining the audience. The unethical control and management of people’s minds is one of the strategies that the media uses to achieve its objectives. Rather than capturing the natural sequence of things, the media engages in calculated moves that are pointed towards a predetermined direction. In essence, it might be important to consider the fact that some of the issues that attend to the role of the media in controlling the society relate to its ability to privilege certain issues above others. The media sets the agenda for the society by assigning some issues a higher level of significance as compared to others. The author captures the media as particularly subjective. She also brings out the media as serving the interests of the powerful and dominant forces in the society. As such, the fate of Katniss and Peeta is reduced to the whims of the powerful individuals who seek to control the manner in which the two tributes will end up in the war. The

Thesis Statement Studies have shown that exercise decrease Research Paper

Thesis Statement Studies have shown that exercise decrease hypertension and organ damage in elderly, more so than Medications - Research Paper Example In this sense, the historical and current bases of this debate are mentioned, albeit lightly. III. Medication versus exercise This section specifically highlights the points and issues brought forward by both sides of the debate. That is, the arguments brought forward by those believing that exercise is a more effective preventive and treatment technique for hypertension compared to medications. However, the importance of seeking medical advice prior to engaging in any form or period of exercise is emphasized. IV. Exercise and Its Effects on the Heart This section narrows down on the exact benefits and effects of exercise, which makes it better and more effective than medication in preventing and treating hypertension and reducing organ damage in elderly people. V. Recommendations This section is about the various techniques and approaches by which health care professionals and individual elderly persons may engage in sports and other exercise to prevent, treat, and manage hypertensi on and organ damage. VI. Conclusion This section is a summary of the entire paper, especially on the reasons exercise is more effective than medication in preventing and treating organ damage and hypertension. VII. References This is the list of some of the references used in gathering the information contained in the paper. Abstract It is common knowledge that a healthy lifestyle is quite an important part of the treatment and prevention of hypertension, thus indispensable in this regard. According to the American Heart Association and the American College of Sports Medicine, moderate-intensity resistance exercise or training should be used to complement aerobic exercise programs in any efforts to prevent, treat, and control hypertension. According to numerous past and current studies on short-term post-exercise blood pressure reduction in elderly hypertensive patients, the rationale for such exercises is the control of blood pressure. The issue of blood pressure control is more pr ofound in the aged and people already diagnosed with hypertension, especially with regards to the lowering of resting blood pressure. Although exercise activities elicit post-exercise blood pressure drop, the mechanisms causing these responses are not entirely understood. In most of these studies that target elderly hypertensive patients aged about 65, cardiac output and blood pressure are the variables commonly measured, both at rest and after short periods of low-intensity exercises such as bicycle rides. The results of most of these studies indicate that in hypertensive patients, exercises provoke a considerable drop in blood pressure and cardiac output. The therapeutic and preventive uses of exercise have made it to be compared with medication with respect to the treatment and prevention of hypertension. In fact, many a stakeholder feels that exercise is more effective than medication in the treatment of hypertension. However, there are those with opposing opinion who believe me dication still has an upper hand in treating and preventing hypertension. Introduction Quite a number of health literatures cover the techniques by which one may reduce or manage high blood pressure and other heart-related conditions. However, fewer health literatures recommend techniques for controlling and preventing heart conditions without involving medications. Most literatures emphasize the effectiveness of

CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF HERITAGE TO THE UK TOURISM

CRITICALLY EVALUATE THE CONTRIBUTION OF HERITAGE TO THE UK TOURISM In the growth of an economy there are those activities that contribute a lot to the growth; they act as the backbone of the economy. According to Boyd Timothy (2003) The UK has diversified such activities and tourism has contributed to huge earnings in the country that has gone ahead of other economic earning activities. Investing in heritage tourism has proved to pay dividends to the UK economy and has not disappointing since its inception. This paper critically evaluates the contribution of heritage to the UK tourism industry outlining the benefits that has come with it. Billions of pounds have been earned as income to the UK economy contributing a lot to the gross domestic products. It tackles the historical context of heritage, the value and role of heritage to tourism, the supply and demand of heritage and gives facts and figures on the issues. As explained by Davies Prentice (1995) numerous visitors have flocked to visitors the heritage sites such as museums to experience a taste of what UK has to offer. Heritage on the other hand consists of various types of tourism; these include events and festivals focused on heritage and traditions; physical attractions for instance museums and heritage centers; destinations that are associated with renowned people; holiday based packages e.g. tours to ancient sites; routes and journeys aligned to heritage place; themes in heritage; historic events; and traditional functions. The benefits that come along with tourism firstly include direct benefits such as businesses issuance of tourism products and services. According to the Deloitte Report (2008) there current contribution to the economy for direct benefits amount to  £52 billion which constitute 3.7% of the GDP. This figure has incorporated value addition to the tourism related products. There were also 1.36 million jobs in 2007 supported directly by tourism. These figures have risen to  £ 85 billion and  £86 billion in 2005 to 2007 (Deloitte Report, 2008). Secondly, is the contribution there is indirect benefits that include support given to tourism businesses. Thirdly there are spill over benefits that include retail, manufacturing and health and life services (Deloitte Report, 2008). In focus to the heritage tourism every tourist has his or her taste; this calls for various activities to tap every tourist to enjoy. The destinations, museums, tour operators have customized the heritage tourism to different levels which makes it possible for every tourist to be attracted in one way or the other. As stated in Light (1996) in Heritage Tourism and Historic Towns the development of tourist holidays where they are related to an aspect of tourism e.g. art history or historic railway development and touring heritage sites where tourists are guided to. Heritage tourism has been segmented in to three where the first are individuals who travel independently; groups who travel on shared heritage interests; and groups who travel together without a common interest in heritage (Department for Culture, Media and Sport, 2009). Developing ways to get attractions for these segments has played a significant role in the development of tourism since there are customized products developed to target each segment. Heritage has brought about various benefits and is very important to the economy of UK. Heritage tourism is a major attraction for tourists from other countries which provide jobs and earnings to locals (Nuryanti, 1996). It is also a major source of foreign currency. In addition it provides revenue that is used for various beneficial purposes such as conservation. It also enhances the image of the country making it a major tourist attraction for levelers. Heritage tourism is concentrated in London, historical sites such as the York, Lincoln, and Edinburgh; the Stratford-upon-Avon Shakespeare and Wordsworth Grasmere and other famous people; and famous sites e.g. Stonehenge (Davies, Prentice, 1995). The Heritage Lottery Fund (HLF) has been involved in the development and investment of tourism in the UK. According to the HLF report released in 2010 heritage tourism had contributed to a massive  £20.6 billion in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). This was higher than any other product or services industry such as advertising, filming, and car manufacturing in the UK. This highlights the need for increased investment so that there can be huge and better returns. It has also contributed to 195,000 full time equivalent jobs that has originated from historic buildings, the country side, parks, and museums (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). This means that the potential of heritage can be exploited to ensure the country grows and develops immensely from the earnings. Figure 1: heritage based visitor economy (Source: The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009) To critically analyze the earnings and activities in the industry there were more that 10 million trips made by tourists from foreign countries to the UK annually where 4 out of every 10 citing heritage as the key motivation behind the visits; this was more than any other single factor contributing to the trips. In addition, heritage tourism is worth  £12.4billion annually which is spent by the attracted visitors in heritage sites (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). This includes money spent in entrance fees to the heritage sites; and other purchases that are done connected to heritage products and motivation e.g. buying at curio shops, or restaurants and accommodation expenses for the tourists. Domestic tourism also known as staycation is also another source of income and part of the  £12.4billion earned (The Deloitte Report, 2008). An estimated 60% is obtained from domestic tourism where residents have supported their country grow though daily visits to such sites (The Deloitte Report, 2008). A whooping  £7.3billion has been spent in expenditure in the heritage industry where most of the money has gone to building, renovations and maintenances of heritage attractions, parks and museums. The GDP of the country has continued to benefit a lot from this investment where an estimated at  £7.4 billion annually has been earned as salaries and wages, profits ¸ and income by the tourism business community including hotels, curio shops, restaurants, and also the heritage sites included (The Deloitte Report, 2008). The addition of economic multipliers to the earnings such as proceeds earned by suppliers to the tourism dealings the annual total GDP contributed by heritage tour ism hits highs of  £20.6 billion annually. Figure 2: showing the sector contribution to the UK GDP (Source: The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009) It is with no doubt that these earning can be increased to higher figures in future through taping in to the high potential in heritage tourism. This means that the government in collaboration with the tourism departments must come up with more attractive policies that will ensure funding to tourism so that it has the framework that will support it have the best earnings (Nuryanti, 1996). In view of the fact that tourism is a fast growing industry and it can contribute maximally to those who invest in it; the unique part of heritage tourism should be advanced in the UK so that it becomes the leading figure in it. With such measures the countrys tourism sector will remain vibrant and sustainable presently and in future (The British Tourism Review, 2009). Heritage tourism is the 5th largest industry in the UK; this is contributed by the fact that the UK has a rich and vibrant heritage and very important not only to the numerous visitors who flock the country but also for the local, regional and national economies (Nuryanti, 1996). It has been revealed that a huge percentage of the visitors to the UK do so on the grounds of heritage, pageantry, history and culture. In tapping more to the potential of tourism through effective tourism weeks, marketing of the tourist sites and attractive holiday destinations the country stands to reap maximum benefits (The British Tourism Review, 2009). The HLF should enhance adaptability, welcome, place making, choice of goods and services, skills, quality, access, and information provision so as to ensure a successful industry (Nuryanti, 1996). The HLF should be driven by the fact that tourists spend on the basis of relative cost/bilateral exchange rates, destination attractiveness, overall Gross Domestic Product (GDP), consumer expenditure, and investment. There should also be effective management of factors such as security/safety, alternatives (availability/relative cost), taxation, globalization, incomes and inflation so that the visitors can have confidence in the trips to the country (VisitBritain, 2009). sSecurity is a major concern especially with the development of terrorism and many terror threats coming from terror groups that act as militia. Security may come as a threat in view of the London bombings and suicide bombings occurring globally targeted at developed countries. There must be more segmentation of tourist products to enable all people of different income levels are able to visit the sites; while taxation needs to be checked to ensure the participants in the heritage tourism industry are not affected negatively in their business. The HLF cannot do this alone but needs the help of all the stakeholders who must contribute to ensure an efficient tourism industry majoring on heritage as an asset. According to the Heritage Lottery Fund report, (2009) the HLF has the mandate to make this dream a reality because it remains very vicious and is achievable through proper mechanism. The most recent has been the investment of  £4.4 billion since 1994. The funding involved eight of the most attraction in England, twenty one of UKs world heritage sites and 14 national parks (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). Over the years there have been extensive studies on the progress of the investment where visitor surveys and economic impact studies. In the studies it has been found out that typical increase in the number of visitors by more than 50%; 88% of visitors rate the value for money of HLFs investment as either good or excellent; an estimated 32,000 jobs have been sustained in the tourism sector as a direct result of HLF funding; and every  £1million of HLF funding leads to an increase in tourism revenues for regional economies of  £4.2million over 10 years (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). The HLF focuses on enhancing heritage tourism through exploiting the potential in the strengths of the country which include natural/historical/cultural assets; the English language; accommodation; food and drink; and international connections (history and transport) (Boyd, Timothy, 2003). With these advantages on their side they are able to build a strong empire that contributes to vibrant growth in the economy and development of other vital sectors. There are weaknesses that make this exploitation a challenge which according to the The British Tourism Review, 2009 in the article Achieving The Full Potential Of The Visitor Economy include transport infrastructure; expense of visit not value for money (e.g. visitors pay the second highest amount of tax in the world); logistics (e.g. Visas) are expensive and complicated to attain compared with other countries; welcome and skills of people in the industry; and short summer seasons. In the Heritage Lottery Fund report (2009) it is estimated that 53% of people who make trips annually do so to experience what historic towns and cities have to offer; 42% make visits to the museums and galleries, translating to 40 million people annually visiting museums and galleries. 10 million trips are made to the historic parks, 1.2 billion visit the country side, 38 million visit historic buildings cathedrals and castles and an estimated 250 million visit the Britains inland natural features such as canals and waterways. Putting into consideration the high potential in the tourism sector can grow explicitly if developed; as cited by the HLF report Investing in success the tourism economy is estimated to grow by 2.6% annually between the years 2009 and 2018; this is a much higher estimate that the 0.8% estimated growth in retailing, manufacturing and construction sectors (The Heritage Lottery Fund report, 2009). In conclusion the potential in the heritage industry is immense and with the numerous gains there is need to ensure they are safeguarded from any destruction. More efforts are needed to make sure the full potential is achieved so that the economy can grow sustainable. Sustainable management should be key issues in the maintenance so that visitors can be encouraged to visit not just one time but numerously so as to increase income. The HLF has the challenge to make better policies that will ensure all the potential is exploited and also sustainable use of the resources. The UK government through HLF should make sure should develop policies that maximize on both volume and value; enhance adaptability, and support long term sustainable economic growth. A more efficient and effective heritage tourism industry should not only be the goal of the HLF and the government but also all stakeholders that benefit either directly or indirectly. There should also be very tactical measures that ensu re improved domestic heritage tourism which will not only make earnings but also teach the locals about their traditions and heritage.

My Most Memorable Person

My mother Is without a doubt the most memorable person in my whole life. Her name is Cathedral Lahore. When I describe my mother, there Is nothing critical about it; It Is all admiration. She works as a Government employee In our town for almost 20 years. She always deals people every day with different personalities. Seeing her at work Is very awe-inspiring, especially her ability to connect and communicate with other people.I adore her very much. She made many sacrifices to raise me. She dedicated all her time and effort to bring me up. She always lends her shoulder for me to cry on during my bad times. She was a person that brightens up a room with her smile and helps everyone who Is In need. When she smiles, It Is as If she Is using all her might Just to see If It could get bigger. Her eyes are as black as the starry night full of sparkling stars. Her skin, the color white, flawlessly smooth before the rippling winds.She is a wonderful person whom I admire and love unconditionall y forever. Her words of advices, her tender loving care, her unfading support, her encouraging thoughts everyday makes her my most memorable. I remember one thing she told me last Christmas, â€Å"nag, study wisely, don't hesitate to tell me everything you need, I will always be here guiding you with your Daddy, supporting you and will always love you all the way, I love you†. That's the most heart melting feeling ever that I have experienced.Having a mother like her is the most precious thing that was given to me by our Almighty Father, she's everything to me. For me, having her in my life makes me so special than others. I am so special that she's always by my side, always supporting me, guiding me and most of all loving me unconditionally no matter who am I or even how worst my attitude is. She's always there to accept me. That makes her a gem, rare and hard to find. I love her so much that's all what matters.

Hamlets Recognition of Love Essay - 1271 Words

How would it be possible for Hamlet to express or even recognize love, without having a clear definition of what love is? One may define love as a lover’s passion, devotion or tenderness for someone or something. Hamlet perceives love as an emotion that causes loss, devastation and pain. In the play, Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, the main character uses love as a reason for his actions, but never truly loves any of the characters except his father. Hamlet seems to be more of a love story but, truthfully, it is more of revenge then love. Though Hamlet does not appear to love many people in this play, his feelings for his father shine true. In Act I. Scene ii, while Horatio and Hamlet were speaking of Hamlet’s father, Hamlet†¦show more content†¦Another example of how much Hamlet loves his father is in Act III, Scene VI. Hamlet is telling his mother of how he really feels about her. He is making her realize all the wrong she has done to him and his father. Suddenly Hamlets father enters the room and he says, [â€Å"†¦But look, amazement on thy mother sits. Oh step between her and her fighting soul. Conceit in weakest bodies strongest works. Speak to her, Hamlet.† (Act III. Scene VI. 124-127)] When Hamlets father speaks to him and tells him to speak to his mother, Hamlet immediately obeys him. He respects his father and loves him enough to listen to him and stop fighting with his mother. It shows that no matter the flaws he has with his mother he would throw them out just to please his father. Hamlet has proven himself in many ways that he would do anything for his father no matter what the circumstance was. There was an unbreakable bond between mother and son that was completely destroyed when a mother married her husband’s brother. Gertrude and Hamlet are not as close as it seems. Hamlet’s feelings had changed towards his mother after she betrayed his father. Hamlet shows his true colors for his mother when he says, [â€Å"†¦Calls virtue hypocrite takes off the rose From the fair forehead of an innocent love And sets a blister there, makes marriage vows As false as dicers’ oaths†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Act III. Scene IV. 48-51)] This quote shows how much Hamlet despises his motherShow MoreRelatedEssay about Greek Tragedy Exemplified in Shakespeares Hamlet1191 Words   |  5 PagesCommon sense, therefore, dictates that all of the acts need to be skillfully woven into one another instead of each act abruptly starting and abruptly ending. The last need of a good plot is the incorporation of situation reversals and scenes of recognition. These are almost always the most powerful parts of any good plot, as they invoke emotional interest in the viewer. Character is the next most important aspect of the perfect tragedy after the plot. 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We may assume that at least in part it was composed of a normal love for a prospective bride, though the extravagance of the language used (the passionate need for absolute certainty, etc.) suggests a somewhat morbid frame of mind. ThereRead MoreHamlets Success1315 Words   |  6 Pagesmurder of a parent? A tidal wave of feelings could overwhelm the mind a nd give rise to unexplainable thoughts and emotions. Like Hamlet, the majority of us would probably sink into a deep depression and mourn for the loss of our childhood hero. In Hamlet’s case, he was visited briefly by the Ghost of his Father for one specific purpose: to seek revenge for the murder at the hands of his brother. However, taking on the task of avenging the killing of one’s parents is not as easy as it sounds. Upon the

A Draft Classification Essay Types of Shoppers

A student composed the following draft in response to this basic assignment: After selecting a topic that interests you, develop an essay using strategies of classification or division. Study the students draft, and then respond to the discussion questions at the end. Finally, compare Types of Shoppers to the students revised version of the essay, Shopping at the Pig. Types of Shoppers (A Draft Classification Essay) 1 Working at a supermarket has given me a chance to observe some of the many different ways human beings behave in public places. I like to think of the shoppers as rats in a lab experiment, and the aisles are a maze designed by a psychologist. Most of the customers follow a dependable route, walking up and down the aisles, checking through my counter, and then escaping through the exit door. But not everybody is so predictable. 2 The first type of unusual shopper is one that I call the amnesiac. He always seems to be going down the aisles against the normal flow of traffic. He mutters things to himself because he left his shopping list at home. When he finally makes it to my register and starts unloading the cart, he suddenly remembers the one item of food that brought him here in the first place. He then resumes his trip around the store while the customers waiting in line start to grumble impatiently. Inevitably, when it comes time to pay for the goods, the amnesiac discovers that he has left his wallet at home. Of course I dont make a face or say a word. I just void his receipt and tell him to have a nice day. 3 Senior citizens mean well, I guess, but they can also try my patience. One man stops by several times a week, more to pay a visit than to shop. He wanders around the aisles slowly, pausing now and then to read a box of cereal or squeeze a package of rolls or sniff one of those lemon-scented blobs of room freshener. But he never buys very much. When he finally comes up to the checkout, this type likes to chat with me—about my hair, his bunions, or that pretty tune tinkling out of the ceiling speakers. Although the people waiting behind him in line are usually fuming, I try to be friendly. I really dont think this poor old man has anywhere else to go. 4 Far more annoying is someone I call the hot shopper. You can tell that she plans her shopping trip days in advance. She enters the store with a pocketbook on her arm and a calculator in her hip pocket, and she carries a shopping list that makes the Dewey Decimal System look chaotic. Like a soldier marching in a parade, she struts from one sale item to another, carefully organizing things in her basket by size, weight, and shape. Of course, she is the biggest complainer: something she wants always seems to be missing or mispriced or out of stock. Often the manager has to be called in to settle her down and set her back on course. Then, when she reaches my lane, she begins barking orders at me, like Dont put the grapes in with the Nutty Ho Hos! In the meantime, she stares at the prices on the register, just waiting to jump on me for making a mistake. If my total doesnt match the one on her calculator, she insists on a complete recount. Sometimes I make up the difference myself just t o get her out of the store. 5 These are the three main types of unusual shoppers I have encountered while working as a cashier at the Piggly Wiggly. At least they help to keep things interesting! Evaluating the Draft (a) Does the introductory paragraph engage your interest, and does it clearly suggest the purpose and direction of the essay? Explain your answer.(b) Compose a thesis sentence that could be added to improve the introduction.Does the student writer include enough specific details in the body paragraphs to maintain your interest and convey her points clearly?Has the writer provided clear transitions from one paragraph to the next? Suggests one or two ways of improving the cohesion and  coherence of this draft.(a) Suggest how the concluding paragraph might be improved.(b) Compose a more effective conclusion for this draft.Over an overall evaluation of the draft, identifying its strengths and weaknesses.Compare this draft with the revised version, titled Shopping at the Pig. Identify some of the numerous changes that have been made in the revision, and consider in what particular ways the essay has been improved as a result.